Shiite factions under the Popular Mobilization Forces have penetrated Iraq’s economic sphere, sparking genuine concern among major traders about losing their livelihoods to competitors backed by the power of arms.

Amid the ongoing war between Iran and “Israel” since June 13, 2025, Iraq once again finds itself caught in a complex struggle—torn between Iranian-backed militias on its soil and American bases and interests.

As Hezbollah gives up military positions it has held in southern Lebanon for decades, the issues of disarmament and integrating its fighters into the Lebanese army have emerged as major challenges, especially as the group’s power has waned.

Samarra faces ongoing sectarian violence, repression by Shiite militias, and forced displacement of its Sunni residents, threatening its cultural heritage.

Syria’s Shia community is seeking to preserve positive relations with the new state leadership following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime, after years of drawing closer to Iran both religiously and militarily.